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| LETTER TO EDITOR |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 9
| Issue : 4 | Page : 2143-2145 |
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Cephalosporin's induced hepatic enzyme derangement - An educational report
Pugazhenthan Thangaraju1, Shoban Babu Varthya2, Meenalotchini Prakash Guruthalingam1, Sajitha Venkatesan1
1 Department of Pharmacology and Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
2 Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| Date of Submission | 10-Dec-2019 |
| Date of Decision | 16-Dec-2019 |
| Date of Acceptance | 17-Mar-2020 |
| Date of Web Publication | 30-Apr-2020 |
Correspondence Address:
Dr. Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
India
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1133_19
How to cite this article:
Thangaraju P, Varthya SB, Guruthalingam MP, Venkatesan S. Cephalosporin's induced hepatic enzyme derangement - An educational report. J Family Med Prim Care 2020;9:2143-5 |
How to cite this URL:
Thangaraju P, Varthya SB, Guruthalingam MP, Venkatesan S. Cephalosporin's induced hepatic enzyme derangement - An educational report. J Family Med Prim Care [serial online] 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 27];9:2143-5. Available from: https://www.jfmpc.com/text.asp?2020/9/4/2143/283389 |
Sir,
Drug induced liver injury is the most anticipated complication of the drugs that are metabolized in the liver and cases reported in children.[1] Here in our report we tried to emphasize on drug induced liver injury recognition at the primary care level, followed by our duty of reporting to the pharmacovigilance system as maximum reaction occurs at the primary health care and goes unnoticed.
| Case | |  |
One of the authors was contacted by the mother who is a nurse by profession for her six- month-old female child who had elevated levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) after a brief illness diagnosed to be acute bronchiolitis with acute gastroenteritis for which she was been treated with oral and parenteral cephalosporin. On further enquiry, the history of illness revealed that the child was suffering from loose stools of 1-week duration and cough, cold, and fever for 4 days. She was initially treated on outpatient basis with oral suspension of Cefixime. Since her illness was not controlled on OPD basis and with new symptoms of frequent vomiting, she was admitted in a hospital. She was diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis with acute gastroenteritis and started on parenteral antibiotic Ceftriaxone calculated based on body weight empirically. The blood investigations revealed an elevation in the SGOT and SGPT levels, and other investigations were within normal range [Table 1]. The baby was continued on parental Ceftriaxone and fluid management. But serial laboratory investigations revealed an elevation in the SGOT and SGPT levels without any alteration in the other liver parameters. The child was discharged from the hospital after 6 days with oral Cefixime as maintenance. Child was advised for review after 5 days. The SGOT and SGPT levels were observed to remain static without any decrease. The child was then advised to stop oral Cefixime as the course was also completed and advised to take oral ursodeoxycholic acid tablet 100 mg. The laboratory report showed a decrease in the SGPT and SGOT levels in the subsequent investigation [Figure 1].
| Discussion | | |
This is the second case as per our knowledge that is reported in a child of less than 1 year due to adverse effect of cephalosporin. There are many supporting literature where there are reports of mild hepatic injury causing insignificant rise in liver enzymes to toxic hepatitis [Table 2].[2],[3],[4],[5],[6],[7],[8],[9],[10] We also tried to find out the possible cause for the initial rise in the values at the time of admission. Since the history clearly mentions on usage of Cefixime suspension, we felt this might have created the initial increase. Apart from the above facts, the baby was also medicated with oral Cefixime post discharge during which the parameters remain elevated static. The decrease in the hepatic enzyme levels was noticed only after the Cefixime course was completed and stopped (dechallenge). With this background and since the drug is involved, we did a Naranjo probability scale and found to be scored "4" and shows the "possibility" [Table 3].
So, it is the prime duty of any primary care physician or clinical pharmacologist to educate the mother regarding the observed adverse effects and to document in their summary report.
To conclude, it is always important that the liver function tests be performed before starting on cephalosporin group of drugs in children, as they might cause hepatic injury. The vigilance of reporting of adverse reaction should always be entertained from the primary care physician.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients understand that their names and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Acknowledgements
We thank the parents who have shared their child information and want us to communicate scientifically for the benefit of medical fraternity.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | | |
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| 2. | Longo F, Hastier P, Buckley MJ, Chichmanian RM, Delmont JP. Acute hepatitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and erythroblastocytopenia induced by ceftriaxone. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:836-7. |
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| 5. | Agrawal A, Rao M, Jasdanwala S, Mathur A, Eng M. Cephalexin induced cholestatic jaundice. Case Rep Gastrointest Med 2014;2014:260743. doi: 10.1155/2014/260743. |
| 6. | Kunze W, Streidl, Klemm T, Lutze J. Cefuroxime-induced hepatocellular-cholestatic hepatitis with pancytopenia. Open Access Library Journal 2019;6:e5036. |
| 7. | Kaur I, Singh J. Cholestatic hepatitis with intravenous ceftriaxone. Indian J Pharmacol 2011;43:474-5. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
| 8. | Abdu Al Haboob A. Cefixime-induced hepatotoxicity and acute renal failure: A case report. EJMCR 2018:2;55-8. |
| 9. | Gupta A, Singh AK, Faridi K, Jain P. Cefazolin induced liver injury and hypoprothrombinaemia. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018;8:213-4. |
| 10. | Liao PF, Wu YK, Huang KL, Chen HY. A rare case of cefepime-induced cholestatic liver injury. Tzu Chi Med J 2019;31:124-8. [ PUBMED] [Full text] |
[Figure 1]
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3]
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