Cardiovascular disease risk assessment and treatment among person with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the primary care level in rural central India

Shilpa Gaidhane; Nazli Khatib; Quazi Syed Zahiruddin; Anand Bang; Sonali Choudhari; Abhay Gaidhane

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1192_19

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2020 | Volume : 9 | Issue : 4 | Page : 2033-2039

Cardiovascular disease risk assessment and treatment among person with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the primary care level in rural central India

Shilpa Gaidhane¹, Nazli Khatib², Quazi Syed Zahiruddin³, Anand Bang⁴, Sonali Choudhari⁵, Abhay Gaidhane⁶
¹ Department of General Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Faculty in Clinical Epidemiology, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
² Physiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Evidence Synthesis, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
³ Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Global Health, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
⁴ Intern, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
⁵ Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Coordinator MPH Program, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
⁶ Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences; Social Epidemiology, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Abhay Gaidhane
Director, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Professor (Community Medicine), Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi (Meghe) Wardha - 442 004, Maharashtra
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1192_19

Introduction: Despite evidence in support of assessment and treatment of risk factors to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), studies have shown gaps in practises at the primary care level. The study was undertaken to find out the prevalence and management of risk factors for CVD in patients with T2DM from rural area India. Methodology: A crosssectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in rural India. Around 192 persons with T2DM over 35 years of age were interviewed and examined using a structured questionnaire to determine the presence of CVD risk factors, previous assessment and management of these risk factors. Results: The mean age was 58.91 (SD 11.30) years. Tobacco use and harmful consumption of alcohol were reported by 67.7% and 27%, respectively. Nearly 43.8% were doing moderateintensity physical activity, 2.1% were consuming more than 6 servings of green leafy vegetables/fruits per week, 22.9% were overweight and 5.2% were obese. A family history of CVD was present in 12.5%. About 75% of participants were having one or more risk factors for CVD, and a comprehensive CVD risk assessment was done by 15%. The most commonly assessed risk factor was blood pressure (84.3%) and blood sugar (40%). Around 30% were advised for weight reduction and 23.4% were advised to quit tobacco. Dietary counseling and diet plan were prepared for 17 (8.9%) participants. Conclusion: Nearly threefourths were receiving treatment for hypertension. The majority of people with T2DM in rural areas had one or more CVD risk factors; however, very few were assessed and treated for CVD risk factors at the primary care level. Patient education and training of the diabetes care providers at the primary care level may be useful for comprehensive CVD risk assessment and treatment to prevent CVD complications in patients of T2DM.

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